We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial to understand how prenatal supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) might influence infant health, particularly concerning the common cold. Pregnant women were given either a daily dose of 400 mg of DHA or a placebo starting at 18 to 22 weeks of gestation until childbirth.
Caregivers then reported on their infants’ health at 1, 3, and 6 months, sharing details about common illness symptoms. We found that DHA supplementation appeared to reduce the number of colds at one month and also seemed to lessen the duration of various cold symptoms in infants. Specifically, infants in the DHA group experienced fewer cold symptoms and had shorter durations of cough and wheezing.
While the overall occurrence of specific illness symptoms was similar between the DHA and placebo groups, DHA did bring about noteworthy benefits. At 1 month, infants in the DHA group had a 26% shorter duration of cough and 30% shorter wheezing; however, they experienced a longer duration of rash.
Furthermore, by the time the infants reached 3 months, those whose mothers took DHA were ill for 14% less time overall. At 6 months, the DHA group showed significantly reduced durations of several illness indicators, although they did experience longer episodes of vomiting.
This study suggests that prenatal DHA not only seems to impact the occurrence of colds in children but may also play a role in the duration of symptoms over the first half-year of life.